Design

What is design??

Software development and Consumer preferences

Software development and consumer preferences that your users may not mention during informal user research conversations, even though these are critical.

  1. Websites and apps should be fast and performant.
  2. Websites and apps should respond to user input.
  3. Websites and apps should be clear and easy-to-use.
  4. Websites and apps shouldn’t have bugs.
  5. Websites and apps should work on all screen sizes.

Users may not have expertise in software engineering, product management, or product design, so it’s unfair to expect them to understand UI/UX.

Do you think users are able to accurately predict their future behavior when it comes to a software product’s “great new design”?

“Traditional consumer research is just as likely to unearth falsehoods as it is truths. In fact, behavioral science has proven just how bad humans are at understanding why we do what we do, and has shown that most of the time consumers either don’t know what they want.” — Adam Cleaver on WRAC

“The overconfidence effect is a well-established bias in which a person’s subjective confidence in their judgments is reliably greater than the objective accuracy of those judgments, especially when confidence is relatively high.[1][2]” — Wikipedia

Your users may not admit when they don’t know, so they often make uninformed guesses instead of asking questions.

“Myth: People can tell you what they want

Many organizations still rely on asking people what changes they’d like to see in their website or service, neglecting historical research failures like the New Coke or the Aeron chair.

When asking people, you have to be aware that people make confident but false predictions about their future behavior, especially when presented with a new and unfamiliar design.” — UXMyths.com

“When a company invites you privately to show you their ‘exciting, new design’ for their software product, do you think most people will say, ‘Yeah, this sucks? Stop changing things for no reason!’ No chance! However, when you’re a daily user of a software product, and they change the entire user experience for no reason, most people will say just that!”

But, when you’re a daily user of a software product, and they change how the entire user experience for no reason, most people will say just that!

“Some people say, “Give the customers what they want.” But that’s not my approach. Our job is to figure out what they’re going to want before they do. I think Henry Ford once said, “If I’d asked customers what they wanted, th

ey would have told me, ‘A faster horse!’” People don’t know what they want until you show it to them. That’s why I never rely on market research. Our task is to read things that are not yet on the page.” — Steve Jobs

Steve Jobs and Henry Ford both had it exactly right: consumers often don’t know what they want, at least until a new product becomes popular on social media due to its outstanding user experience.

Everyone tends to be overly confident in their own abilities, whether it’s to evaluate user research as stakeholders or to predict their own future behavior as users participating in user research. Relying solely on qualitative user interviews as your method of user research, without incorporating quantitative usability testing (observing and timing your users as they complete tasks in your product), can produce unreliable results.

Performing qualitative user interviews as your sole method of user research, without quantitative usability testing (observing and timing your users as they complete tasks in your product) is garbage in, garbage out.

User interview questions to ask 

“User research” usually involves a casual 30-60 minute conversation covering these topics.

1. Have a clear goal upfront

Don’t ask this…

What do you want from a tool?

…ask this instead

What does your current workflow for this process look like, and what tools do you use for it?

2. Use evidence to understand the user journey and pain points

Don’t ask this…

Would you do X or Y?

…ask this instead

I noticed that you did X. Could you tell me why you took that approach?

3. Make your questions and the interview process as inclusive as possible

  1. Use simple language. English isn’t everyone’s first language—and even if it is, people may not be familiar with your industry’s terminology. Avoid unnecessarily complicated words and give interviewees time to process (and translate) their answers.
  2. Share an outline in advance. Consider sharing a broad outline of what you will discuss in the interview before the day so participants know what to expect and can prepare beforehand.
  3. Provide an opportunity to follow up. Sometimes your best insights come after the conversation has ended and you’ve had time to reflect. Share a contact address or send a follow-up survey to your interviewees to capture any additional thoughts.

Don’t ask this…

Do you prefer the feedback widget as a modal or as a full-page popover?

…ask this instead

When it comes to leaving feedback, do you have a preference between these two options? Here’s option A, and here’s option B.

4. Ask open-ended questions, not leading questions

Leading questions cause problems in user research interviews because they can skew data by telling you what you want to hear, not what you need to hear.

Don’t ask this…

How much do you love our product?

…ask this instead

Would you recommend our product to a friend or colleague? Why or why not?

5. Leave room for follow-up questions

Don’t ask this…

Wow, that’s a really interesting point! Anyway, back to my scripted question…

…ask this instead

Wow, that’s a really interesting point! Can you tell me a little bit more about that?

Concept testing

  • What’s your first reaction to this prototype?
  • What do you like and dislike about this prototype?
  • How would you improve this design?
  • Based on this prototype, who do you think the target audience for this product/service/brand is?

Market research

  • What department are you in?
  • What are the top challenges your team/company is facing right now?
  • What products are you currently using to solve those challenges?
  • Which features are most important to you in a product like this?

Product development

  • What do you like and dislike about this product?
  • Does this product have the features you need? Is there any additional functionality you need?
  • How do you feel this product compares to similar products on the market?
  • On a scale of 1–10, how likely are you to buy this product?
  • Is there anything that would prevent you from buying or using this product, and if so, what?

Usability testing

  • How did you complete this action? Please talk us through the specific steps you took.
  • On a scale of 1–10, how easy was it for you to complete this specific set task?
  • Can you tell me why you did X/took Y approach?
  • Did you find all the information you needed? 

Customer satisfaction

  • On a scale of 1–10, how likely are you to recommend us to a friend or colleague? Why did you give that rating?
  • Can you tell me about your recent experience with our support team?
  • How does the service you received compare to the service you’ve received from other brands?
  • What would make your experience better?

Churn analysis

  • What were your main reasons for churning?
  • Would you consider using our product/service again in the future? Why or why not?
  • If you churned to go to a competitor, can you tell me which one, and why you decided to use them instead?

further more..

  • At what stage are customers leaving? Is it early on or at a later stage of the process?
  • How do customers across different industries engage with your product or service?
  • Which customers frequently engage and make contact with your customer support team?
  • How do customers across different pricing plans differ in terms of churn?
  • Which customers are more likely to upgrade their plan?

Predict and prevent customer churn

It’s inevitable that some customers will stop using your website or product. What matters is making the effort to learn why they leave by analyzing customer churn, and taking steps to prevent it in the future. Customer churn analysis lets you:

  • Better understand your customers’ pain points
  • Detect underlying frustrations and problems with your product or service before customers leave
  • Understand where to target your efforts and make improvements
  • Pinpoint weaknesses and take steps to overcome problems 
  • Provide future customers with a better overall experience

The Way We Design Today Is Wrong: Designers Design Harmful Products!v

Color Psychology in UI/UX Design: How Colors Can Affect User Behavior

Color psychology is the study of how colors influence human behavior, emotions, and perceptions. This field explores how different hues and shades can affect mood, decisions, and even physiological responses.

Emotional Impact:

Red:
Passion, Urgency, and Excitement
Red is a powerful color that evokes strong emotions. It’s often associated with passion, energy, and urgency. Red can increase heart rate and create a sense of excitement, making it a great choice for call-to-action buttons, sale announcements, and notifications.

Uses:

  • Call-to-Actions: Use red for buttons to grab attention and encourage immediate action.
  • Sale Promotions: Highlight discounts and special offers with red to create a sense of urgency.
    Example: Amazon frequently uses red for their “Limited Time Offer” and “Deal of the Day” banners to prompt quick user action.

Blue:
Trust, Calm, and Reliability
Blue is a calming color that is often associated with trust, reliability, and professionalism. It’s widely used in corporate and tech industries to convey stability and dependability.

Strategic Use:

  • Corporate Websites: Utilize blue in logos, headers, and backgrounds to build trust.
  • Financial Services: Apply blue tones to create a sense of security and reliability.
    Example: PayPal uses blue in its logo and interface to build trust and convey a sense of security for financial transactions.

Green:
Growth, Health, and Tranquility
Green symbolizes nature, growth, and health. It’s a refreshing color that promotes relaxation and balance. Green is commonly used in industries related to health, wellness, and the environment.

Strategic Use:

  • Health and Wellness: Incorporate green to promote a sense of well-being and calm.
  • Environmental Campaigns: Use green to emphasize sustainability and eco-friendliness.
    Example: Whole Foods Market uses green extensively in their branding to highlight their focus on natural and organic products.

Yellow:
Optimism, Happiness, and Attention
Yellow is a cheerful and uplifting color that evokes feelings of happiness and optimism. It’s also an attention-grabbing color, making it effective for highlighting important information.

Strategic Use:

  • Highlights and Accents: Use yellow to draw attention to key information or features.
  • Positive Messaging: Apply yellow to create a warm and friendly atmosphere.
    Example: McDonald’s uses yellow in its branding to evoke a sense of happiness and friendliness, encouraging a positive association with their brand.

Purple:
Luxury, Creativity, and Wisdom
Purple is often associated with luxury, creativity, and wisdom. It’s a sophisticated color that can add a touch of elegance and exclusivity to your design.

Strategic Use:

  • Luxury Brands: Use purple to convey high quality and exclusivity.
  • Creative Industries: Incorporate purple to inspire creativity and innovation.
    Example: Cadbury uses a rich purple in their packaging to signify luxury and high quality in their chocolates.

Black:
Power, Elegance, and Sophistication
Black is a powerful color that exudes elegance, sophistication, and authority. It’s a versatile color that can create a strong visual impact and convey a sense of luxury.

Strategic Use:

  • High-End Products: Use black for premium product lines to emphasize luxury.
  • Minimalist Designs: Apply black in minimalist designs for a sleek and modern look.
    Example: Apple uses black in its product designs and marketing to convey sophistication and high quality.

White:
Simplicity, Purity, and Cleanliness
White represents simplicity, purity, and cleanliness. It’s often used in minimalist designs to create a sense of space and clarity.

Strategic Use:

  • Clean Layouts: Use white space to improve readability and focus on content.
  • Healthcare and Tech: Apply white to convey cleanliness and modernity.
    Example: Google uses a lot of white space in their search interface to keep the focus on the search bar and results, ensuring a clean and user-friendly experience.

Color Therapy


Color Therapy is a complementary therapy that uses colors and light to treat physical and emotional conditions. Each color is believed to have its own energy frequency and vibration, which can affect the body’s energy centers, or chakras, promoting healing and balance. The concept of chakras comes from ancient Indian traditions and refers to seven energy centers in the body:

  • Red: Root chakra, related to grounding and survival.
  • Orange: Sacral chakra, associated with creativity and sexuality.
  • Yellow: Solar plexus chakra, linked to personal power and digestion.
  • Green: Heart chakra, connected to love and healing.
  • Blue: Throat chakra, related to communication and expression.
  • Indigo: Third eye chakra, associated with intuition and insight.
  • Violet: Crown chakra, linked to spirituality and enlightenment.

This approach helps designers create visually appealing and user-friendly interfaces that align with the intended mood and purpose of the application. For example, calming blues and greens may be used in healthcare apps to reduce stress, while vibrant hues like red and yellow can evoke energy and urgency in e-commerce interfaces. Thoughtful color choices can guide user attention, improve readability, and create cohesive visual hierarchies that make interfaces intuitive and engaging.

User Engagement: How users interact with digital interfaces
Contrast: High contrast between text and background colors is essential for readability, especially for users with visual impairments. For instance, using dark text on a light background or vice versa ensures text is clear and legible.
Hierarchy: Color is used to establish visual hierarchy within interfaces. Designers employ colors to differentiate between primary actions, secondary information, and tertiary details. For example, using a bold, vibrant color for primary buttons (like ‘Buy Now’) draws immediate attention and prompts user action, while softer or less saturated colors might be used for less critical elements like navigation links or secondary buttons.

Brand Identity
Consistency: Using brand colors consistently across all platforms and interactions reinforces brand identity and builds user trust.
Example: Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola’s use of consistent red and white colors across all branding from logos to advertisements establishes immediate brand recognition and builds consumer trust worldwide.
Personality: Colors can reflect brand personality traits. For example, vibrant colors might be used for a youthful brand, while muted tones could be selected for a luxury brand.
Example: Chanel
Chanel employs a timeless color palette of black and white to convey sophistication and exclusivity, appealing to luxury consumers who value elegance and high-quality craftsmanship.

Accessibility

Getting support for accessibility efforts isn’t easy

Things To Keep In Mind 

🚫 You can’t build empathy with facts, charts or legal concerns.
🚫 People often dismiss concerns that they can’t relate to.
🚫 People often don’t know how accessibility applies to them.
🚫 People often assume that accessibility is dull and boring.
🚫 Business often neglects it as an irrelevant edge case.

✅ Nothing is more impactful than seeing users struggle.
✅ Bring users with disabilities for testing to show accessibility.
✅ Ask for small commitments first, then progress from there.
✅ Accessibility isn’t expensive nor tedious if done early.
✅ But it can be very expensive when retrofitted or done late.

🚫 Don’t mistake polite nodding for agreement or commitment.
✅ Anticipate objections about costs, competition, and slowdowns.
✅ Make a business case for lower costs and increased revenue.
✅ Create a roadmap with actions, timelines, roles, and goals.
✅ Set up regular accessibility testing (e.g. every 6–8 months).

“But Accessibility Is An Edge Case!” 

❌ ”But accessibility is an edge case. Given the state of finances right now, unfortunately we really can’t invest in it right now.”

🙅🏼‍♀️ “I respectfully disagree. 1 in 6 people around the world experience disabilities. In fact, our competitors [X, Y, Z] have launched accessibility efforts ([references]), and we seem to be lagging behind. Plus, it doesn’t have to be expensive. But it will be very expensive once we retrofit much later.”

“But We Don’t Have Disabled Users!” 

❌ “Why should we prioritize accessibility? Looking at our data, we don’t really have any disabled users at all. Seems like a waste of time and resources.”

🙅🏼‍♀️ “Well, if a product is inaccessible, disabled users can’t and won’t be using it. But if we do make our product more accessible, we open the door for prospect users for years to come. Even small improvements can have a high impact. It doesn’t have to be expensive nor time-consuming.”

“Screen Readers Won’t Work With Our Complex System!” 

❌ Our application is very complex and used by expert users. Would it even work at all with screen readers?”

🙅🏼‍♀️ “It’s not about designing only for screen readers. Accessibility can be permanent, but it can also be temporary and situational — e.g. when you hold a baby in your arms, or if you had an accident. Actually it’s universally useful and beneficial for everyone.”

Accessibility is important for everyone, and it’s important to be relatable.

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